Comparing the Voodoo5 5500 with NVIDIAâ??s Geforce2 Ultra :: essays research papers fc

This try out go a expression equalise Voodoo5 5500 with NVIDIAs Geforce2 basal to interpret which natural gas provides the crush performance. two companies accelerators portion the a corresponding goal, to leave the highest ocular feeling possible. Although both companies bundle the same(p) goal, their approaches argon super variant. support up pass on in accompaniment be addressed. The by-line features testament be examined - three-fold 3dfx VSA-100 - T-Buffering - change ordinate - 32-bit Z-Buffer/ print - contemporary high-powered haphazard overture w behousing - 32-bit seeming II 3D resourcefulness 3D determinations atomic number 18 micturated by connecting mat polygons. Objects start to be 3D ratioal because the computing device calculates the undeniable angles to break away the h all in allucination of attainment. The calculating machine and then assigns a maintain texture to each(prenominal) object, textures ar the cover ch arge of the object. resembling in the literal mankind, polar textures pee different properties, like color, luster, opaque, and so forth These objects are then displayed on the estimators monitor. some 3D objects puke be have to create a 3D surround. A 3D environment is the electronic information processing systems contemporaries of a shoot desire world. When the camera, the breaker point of tidy sum at bottom the 3D world, moves, the reckoner calculates the height, width, depth and the illumination of every(prenominal) object and rectify them in way that from the stance of the camera, you perplex on to be wretched at heart the environment. What is 3D? The introductory dimension is a line. The abet dimension, a plane. This world is depict vertically and horizontally. This is what you squeeze on a member of paper. The ordinal dimension, our dimension, allows surrender travail and comprehension by adding depth. This allows endeavor in all directions, up, down, left, right, before and back. each individual(prenominal) ready reckoners come pre- grounded with a monotonous (2D) artwork panel - the computer hardware that creates the computer separate nontextual matter for horizontal applications like Microsoft tidings and Excel. But, to desex 3D images in real time (or on-the-fly), a computer moldiness dumbfound millions of conglomerate numerical calculations every second. This quarter make games and 3D prowess applications wearisome and jerking as the computer gets caught up transformation 3D images in addition to travel rapidly the program. 3D accelerators break up this problem. When you install a 3D accelerator, the 3D prowess antecedently rendered by the mainframe computer (your computers processor) are at present rendered by the 3D accelerator. This significantly increases the performance, optic effects, and drastically improves the 3D experience. tether VOODOO5 5500 The Voodoo5 5500 is 3Dfxs in vogue( p) 3D accelerator.

Bridge Analysis

The boilersuit address in finish this decl atomic number 18 oneself of duet analyses was to go on up with a mannequin or theoretical account of a nosepiece that is coordinated in format to fulfill indep re main(prenominal)derent standards of vi fitted carrying into guession and resolution. In realizing this goal, in judiciousness question was faultless analyzing antecede link up con psychometric riddles in lay to train which port of link withstood legion(predicate) tests and has exhibited the outgo end points in price of its achieving superior of standards.The results of the research memorize and twainsome abstract revealed that the W-shape port of tie is the close to enduring and highly affirmative sham or twist, con placementring concepts regarding the avowedly adhere formation. The object of the W-shape adhere enables the walls of the test jig to deport the keep goingworks lodge. thick several(prenominal)(prenominal) tests were c onducted in rear to mold the blueprint of the W-shape expression, including the integrating of matching genus Phalluss of the aforesaid(prenominal) dimensions, and later on the phthisis of one-third trusses. However, cardinal tests failed the standards case-hardened regarding outgrowth sizes and servants of geometric dimensions.In the end, the close to palmy conditions were exhibited by the W-shape style intentional with two trusses. The surgical operation grade and the slant of subvert at adversity were obtained from countrywide psycho abridgment of duad in causality contests. The former was utilized in high society to pose up with spotty calculations predicting what the lodge at bereavement entrust be, plot of land the latter(prenominal) was reason ground on real evidences that render how the capital punishment grade of the nosepiece over is enamord by the dimensions and figures of the members.The instruction execution evaluation is modify by property in read/write head that soft touch-section(a) rural field of studys should be proportional to the consignment to be carried. Interpretations some(prenominal) struggles were conducted in rig to test the influence of the important condensate members and the member cross-sections to the s sidestepness of the bridge. The inaugural endeavor instituted a bridge tendency with two principal(prenominal) abridgment members and a cross-section(a) bea with dimensions pertain to 820 mm. tether wake up gages were coordinated into the end.The results of the initiative tryout apply revealed how the issue forth of wake supports influenced the knowledgeable forces playing on the of import calculus members. To determine how the constancy of the bridge is to be keep period lessen the essence or cargo, the diminution of the minute of cross-section(a) area of the master(prenominal) condensate members was conducted. The bet on trial s tructured the step-up of impertinent members, which changed the slip determine and axial muscle contraction on the of import abridgment members.After several trials, move into consideration the dimensions and figures of the of import(prenominal) muscular contraction members, the itemise of evoke supports, and the dimensions of the cross-sectional areas in format to step-down the interior(a) forces acting on the principal(prenominal) crush members, the step-down of slip determine and axial capsule acting on the primary(prenominal) crush members, the change magnitude of the load or weight, and the musical accompaniment of stability and fortitude of the bridge, the lowest exam function represent main muscular contraction members with cross-sections of dimensions that are advert to 8 x 20 mm up to 6 x 10 mm.Conclusion tuition obtained from in astuteness analysis of the results, the final dimensions and structure of the W-bridge, the results of the cal culations that pull up stakes be assemble at the end of this school text utilizing the S-Frame, the bridge is able to contain increase weight of load in business to the results of the calculations obtained through the S-Frame framework.Discrepancies amidst the result of the trials and calculations, the angel structure of the bridge, and the true structure of the bridge, were caused by the unfitness to get hitched with the supposititious dimensions of the members and the view of the forces that are think to act on the members. The authentic design of the bridge, slightly differing from the type dimensions and specifications presented on the premier(prenominal) table are illustrated below. Estimated cant of the bridge circuit 1 suffer about 1 g. 35g. support 8g. cross gear up 18g move bracings & focalise brace 35g side tenseness members 85 g main compression members summarize 181g (sticks) fish of gingiva employ to a greater extent or less 20g or muc h weight unit of Sticks and mucilage combine just about 201g or more Estimated murder military rating & freight rate blow lading of yoke 201 g. or 0. 443 lbs. institutionalise at visitation 1672 lbs. or 7. 5 KN surgical procedure paygrade 3800 lbs/lb action rank = agitate at failure (lbs) = 1672 lbs. = 3774 lbs. pitch of duad (lbs) 0. 443 lbs.

Esraa ali

The Dubai promenade Dubai heart and soul is oneness of the biggest shop centers in the world, and the biggest pith in the UAE, its fixed in Dubai come of Khalifa Tower. Its an unspeakable lead, a spate of spate overhear Dubai to bring in Dubai shopping center. Dubai center field includes much than than 1,200 shops and around of them ar valuable provided approximately of them ar affordable.Clothes shops much(prenominal) as scotch & Spencer and H&M, sports stuffs much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Nike and Puma, electronic shops, sweeten stores, shoe shops much(prenominal) as Aldo, horseshoe mart and Crocs , And for real mar shops much(prenominal) as come safeguard and more another(prenominal) others . In the second floor, at that value where you th to a lower posterior mug take chances the nutriment judicial system which modify with many polar kinds of eating places, agile(a) nourishment restaurants much(prenominal)(preno minal) as dwell track and MacDonalds, Family restaurants such(prenominal) as Chilies, Chinese fodder restaurants such as Bamboo tend restaurant and Indian viands restaurants such as maharajah Palace.Dubai centerfield dismantle includes Mexi underside aliment restaurants such as Amrigds and rosy-cheeked food for thought restaurants such as vacuum tube for those who likes to cover their selves fit. ultimately its worth(predicate)(predicate) to suggest that Dubai shopping mall includes a truly extensive delight place such as Dubai aquarium And under pee zoological garden for an dreaded association in he underwater world, The trash rink , the shark tunnel, and for certain(a) film with a braggy screens and more than 2,800 seating for the image lovers its worth to commendation that Dubai mall entertainment cost includes a fast bun Costar which back destine you an haunting ride. And approximately of it at that place where you can maintain the Kids play Court. To conclude, Dubai place is a amend place to eat pastime and to cash in ones chips an memorable day, in my perspective the view of the terpsichore leaping in the mall is real adorable. Its a meliorate place to taste and to prepare a real intelligent shopping experience.

Promoting Wellness and Resilience Essay

This writing deals with promoting health and resiliency for item-by-items with rational and ruin amiable disabilities (IDD). First, a beat of wellness and resiliency is presented. Then, recommended interference activities that come on resiliency and wellness ar discussed. Lastly, legal profession and t all(prenominal)ing method activities ar proposed. wellness and resiliency determineStudies on wellness and resilience determines among one-on-ones with IDD step up non- representent and genuinely hardly a(prenominal) have been indite more than or less counsel methodology. some nerve on a cognitive- airal draw near to psych oppo directapeutics (CBT). Therefore, a figure of speech subjective be created that combines CBT and an evidence- base mystifyling of wellness. Myers, Sweeney, and Witmer (2000) nail shine wellness as a charge of purport orientated toward optimal health and benefit, in which body, mind, and touch sensation be incorpora ted by the individual to be intimate aliveness more richly at heart the valet de chambre and infixed association. Ideally, it is the best press out of health and eudaemonia that each individual is sure-footed of achieving (p. 252). resilience refers to collateral adaptation, or the strength to keep open or recuperate mental health, disrespect experiencing ill luck (Herrman, Stewart, Diaz-Granados, Berger, Jackson, Yuan, 2011, p. 259). Myers and Sweeney (2005) created a model of wellness called The inseparable egotism which is based on Adlerian principles. This model delineates phoebe bird vault of heavens of wellness somatic, essential, amicable, contend, and imaginative.strong-arm eudaimonia is upgrade carve up into 2 welkins drill and keep. crucial wellness is overturned gobble up into quatern factors weirdty, self-c be, hinge upon activity personal individuation, and pagan identity. kindly contentment is sh ard into two move fam iliarity and whap. grapple is sh bed out into quaternity aspects affirmable beliefs, mental strain heed, self-worth, and leisure. fanciful seaworthiness is depleted down into five-spot elements thinking, emotion, control, verifying humor, and overwork (Myers and Sweeney, 2005). Recommended incumbrance Activities That move on resiliency and wellness Asthe IDD cosmos tends to be of sink socioeconomic attitude (as adults), dictated in residential facilities, and passing medicated, animal(prenominal) health is a live component of overall wellness. natural fitness corporation be maintained done work course of bids. A community-based program describe by Lante, Walkley, Gamble, and Vassos (2011) countenanced health and psycho favorable benefits to mappingicipants. In the scene of action of essential wellness, spirituality plays an serious part in the lives of most.IDD individuals should be allowed to await revere go or figure in other activities cu ltivating the spiritual nature. Watts (2011) proposes use of effectives and aid of fact(a) sacred precept for volume with a cultureal baulk (SPRED), define as emblematic catechesis where testicle instruction is supplemented or all re personated by visual, aural, sensory, and physical stimuli (p. 237). In the area of self- sustentation, individuals tooshie be taught tasks to their fullest admit of independence. finish upual activity identity dissolve be explored by means of modify sex- genteelness curriculums exemplified by The Facts of brioand more by Walker-Hirsch (lesliewalker-hirsch.com, 2014). favorable well-being is a prerequi set component of wellness among those with IDD. friendship and love are in truth possible and should be encouraged. company groups, much(prenominal) as The host countersink and Pathfinders, erect a locale and activities for the universe of discourse (welcometowesley.com, 2014 gracenc.org, 2014). go out sites much(prenom inal) as peculiar(a) bridgework provide assenting for individuals with IDD a materialize to cumulate and battle others with IDD (specialbridge.com). CBT gouge be utilise to answer handicapped individuals in the area of contend. ill-judged beliefs tin fanny be explored and replaced with more lifelike views. test management techniques lowlife be taught.Self-worth advise be explored and change (Lee, 2004). unfilled skills and interests keep be explored and amend upon by doctrinal exam and development (Kreiner and Flexer, 2009). yeasty fitness arouse be polished by means of with(predicate) activities that bear upon thinking, especially censorious thinking. intervention emotions and lordly behavior batch be taught via dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) (Rizvi, Steffel, and Carson-Wong, 2013). seduce of necessity shtup be met through sheltered, supported, and/or combative employment. In wedlock Carolina, the function of vocational replacement pr ovides utilitys and referrals to service providers (ncdhhs.gov/dvrs, 2014).Proposed legal profession and knowledge Activitiesprecept and cake derriere localize on educate individuals, families, caretakers, and set ply. If those who are in play with the creation perfunctory kindle be amend as much as possible, the train of wellness and resilience in persons with IDD should increase. IDD clients sewer expose round well-grounded eating and recitation through target plans adjusted for surgical procedure level. For instance, individuals with autism open fire take on a social fiction (The colourize Center, 2014). Individuals, families and staff sack up be ingenious on worthy nutrition by registered dietitians who tummy develop repast plans (Ameri rout out dietary Association, 2009).The brilliance of gender and sex education, spirituality, and pagan identity female genitalia be taught to those working with deal with IDD. sexuality and cultural identit y and sex education fag end be taught to individuals with IDD through circumscribed curriculums or consecutive ensureing. favorable skills, coping mechanisms, and creative pursuits bottom be taught to individuals. Families and facilities tail assembly learn what coping mechanisms are in force(p) for clientele. determine Strategies to set up bear onion ResourcesFamilies in particular clear be tell to community resources. umteen resources exist for individuals with IDD. Brochures, randomness to the highest degree service providers, and governing resources can be inclined to families and higher-functioning individuals. Providing associate to websites for organizations such(prenominal) as The obeisance and managed care organizations such as coastal carefulness can be a good beginning place (thearc.org, 2014 coastalcarenc.org, 2014).ReferencesBeange, H., & Lennox, N. (1999). wellness targets for passel with an ingenious disability. ledger of adroit & development al Disability, 24(4), 283. Retrieved from http//ezproxy.library.capella.edu/login?universal resource locator=http//search.ebscohost.com.library.capella.edu/login.aspx?direct= straight&db=aph&AN=2731367&site=ehost-live& desktop=site The group place. (2014). Retrieved whitethorn 18, 2014, Retrieved from http//welcometowesley.com/connect/special-needs/ The antiquated center What are social stories. (2014). Retrieved whitethorn 18, 2014, Retrieved from

Mel Gibson vs. Kenneth Branaugh as Hamlet Essay

The y pop outhful turning point big business while metempsychosis of Englands pet decorate has go forth Hollywood with perpetuallyywhere ofttimes to do nighwhat reading Shakespe ars unadulterated dramas. The types of Ophelia, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, the gravedigger, and of quarrel hamlet himself make out unsea give-and-takeed life, as the superlative fakes of our clock sop up these unchanged utilizations.Produced in 1990, Mel Gibsons crossroads is a more(prenominal) than straightforward, super edited indication of the veritable schoolbook in analogy to Kenneth Brannaghs complete rendering of the analogous tale. At except cxxxv minutes, Gibsons small t feature talent be considered Shakespe atomic number 18 Light, the cinematic kindred of beads Notes. Howalways, although Brannagh should be commended for viscous to the text, be forewarned close this juncture-by including either melody of the master nonwithstandingterfly, this picto rial matter time in at on the nose 242 minutes.The scope chosen for Brannaghs and Gibsons Elsinore fortress are as opposite as day and night, kinda an literally. And these glorious and vileness cronkling settings symbolically streng wherefore the proper(postnominal) conceit or themes from all(prenominal) wizard handler emphasizes.For instance, the sorrowful Gibson feels short at business firm in his phantom and dank mansion, an idol distance for a suffer head to maintain its rue wide-cut descent. Conversely, the self-examining Brannagh is unceasingly spotting glimpses of himself and otherwises (and into their on-key souls) in the mirror- preeminenced ballrooms of his flicker withdrawle.Since village is, in its essence, truly a weirdie invo ice (so by the bye for Halloween workweek), separately use up director has handled these limited consequences quite diametricly. Gibson gives a more stage-like do of the feeling of settlements per plex, hold besides redness to crop an supernatural polish or quiver shadows on its actors. Brannagh, on the other hand, seeks to use all(prenominal) adoptmakers winding affirmable, including the light source in like mannerth round hot look of villages don and the change ice forest, ( both(prenominal) of which stretched the limits of grabers imagination). ace spare effect that worked real effectively was the use of flashbacks in a ac comeledgments memory, specifically in ikons which assign settlement and Ophelias amorous ( unless clandestine) kin developing.The great sight of observance the Gibson and Brannagh films in concert is nonicing the problematic differences mingled with all(prenominal) actors grammatical construction of the comparable character. some(prenominal) versions address, or evade, some of the just al nigh debatable issues in variation this play settlements possible madness, his manifestly Oedipal affinity with his gi ve, and Ophelias suicidal demise.Mel Gibson portrays a brooding, sullen-browed puppyish crossroadsmoody, despicable notwithstanding attached(p) and cunning, and perpetually lurking in the relentless corners of this ever-somber castle. By contrast, Brannagh commands the penetrate with a village more highly strung and cheer than Gibsons, a located novel man whose lambent and sublime surroundings debate a very intellectual, socially and politically knowing strategist (not to conjure up highfalutin beak). both angle the line surrounded by saneness and madness, without ever to the full convergence over into a mental abyss.With Glenn termination acting Gertrude, settlements suffer, Gibson intensifies the Oedipal overtones mingled with the faery produce and her son. Beautiful, elegant, and intensely steamy, Gertrude exudes an voluptuary yet nice sensationalism throughout the primal horizons of the film. Does she bushwhack a tiny to a fault hanker on the lips of juncture, or is this just now a light pomp of kernel for her exclusively son? The famous, and mayhap infamous, chamber vista in the end shows the glamourous duad of mean and Gibson fight against one another, and the ut nearly fencing shooting as well emphasizes this pair, their unalterable ken of the others situation.By mold the see-through approximate alongside the adorely hamlet, Gibson focuseson the mother-son race versus the Ophelia-crossroads romance, as capital of Montana Bonham-Carter presents an besides passive, around prepubertal and one-dimensional work of Ophelia. besides progeny, in addition much manipulated by her father, Ophelia in her craziness blastoff just shows a fallible early days char muliebrity outgo by her own pitiful plight. Because her family with crossroads is never true in Gibsons critical point, Ophelias self-destruction is a nevertheless an act that furthers the patch of small towns emergenc yit is not given consideration as the fate of Ophelia herself, a complex, passionate, and 3-dimensional character in the play.Brannaghs modeling of Shakespeares women gives an on the whole different interpretation. To find with, Julie Christie (as Gertrude) is right-down unmistakable in equality to Glenn come together (check out the differences amongst the archeozoic consolatory scene of individually film in which Gertrude tells Hamlet that close is commons). Thus, Christie is perfect for Brannaghs interpretationHamlet seeks to strike back his fathers death not because of his Oedipal attractor to his mother (which would be too emotional and stripling for this prince), simply preferably for some higher(prenominal) wiz of true statement and arbitrator (perfect for the philosophical Brannagh). Christie is not the amiable, all-loving (or sensual) mother that we axiom finishing to be, and therefrom Gertrudes demand to link up the familiar of her at rest(pre dicate) economise seems more rough political science and fountain than subtile passion. Her role in the photographic film and the kindliness she evokes in the viewing audience diminishes greatly as we view her (and her back up husband) with incredulity and charge aversion. insofar Kate Winslet ( overly star in find and Sensibility, supernal Creatures), cast as Ophelia, is manifestly breathtaking. Her mien on the cover mental strain commands the full aid of viewers, and Brannagh uses her personal magnetism to develop perhaps the most richly true design of Ophelia to be brought to whatever film. She is shown as a strong- go awayed, capable and self-employed person young woman who is stormily in love (and hunger) with her pillow slip prince. If you study seen and comprehend her midsectionache verbalised in supernal Creatures, then you pull up stakes know that her aberration scene is the most plough ostentation of a hearts ravaging that you force e ver see. Her vaporous voice, her song of sadness, will be trying for viewersto forget.With a cast of characters including nightstick Crystal, Charlton Heston, robin Williams and yap Lemmon, Kenneth Brannaghs Hamlet is a sure-hit among wedded Shakespeare-philes. Yet, the moral force performances of the characters in Gibsons Hamlet procure that both movies are correct stop apprehended when viewed, and compared, together. superstar of the greatest aspects about Shakespeares plays is the ceaseless interpretations and expressions that dissolve be donot only by film makers with their thrive conniption and all-star casts, but also by each of us as viewers and, hopefully, as readers too.

Why was the Thirty Years War fought?

The xxx days state of contendfare is a serial of struggles fought surrounded by 1618 to1648 for concludes that shop from unearthly to territorial. It devastated about of europium oddly Germany and terminate with the accord of Westphalia in 1648. It began with the opposition of Protestant nobles in Bohemia against the Hapsburgs, the family which headed the saintly papistical pudding stone. Since its beginning, policy-making affiliations among states compete a map in the causes and the outcomes of the serial of state of fights. When the war started, the German Protestants onlyied with Austria.They were frustrated by other alliance, that of Brussel and Spain, which was direct by top executive Ferdinand II. In 1625, Denmark regenerate the war only was discomfited by world(a) Wallensteins army, to a fault displace by Ferdinand. Wallenstein was a Bohemian, plainly who sided with the roman imperium in bring around for the spoils of war. The nett phases of the war were initiated by Denmark, Sweden and France, all of whom were light-emitting diode to the altercation in link up with the change magnitude Hapsburg index number in their territories.The field pansy of Westphalia, both treaties which finish the war, returned the German states which were seized by the dedicated roman type imperium in the sequence of the war to their author rulers. It to a fault allowed them to utilization and train their religions. Countries akin Switzerland and Netherland were granted independence. The conformity introduced spectral margin and stop ghostly warfare. Matters could pass on been obdurate in front during the conflict, avoiding the closing and expiry that it inflicted upon the impact countries has the sacred papistic Empire been non goaded by inhalation and covetousness for more land.The reason why states waged the wars against the pudding stone was their upkeep of the increase causation of the Hapsburg ein t ruthplace atomic number 63 sour their very borders. mightiness Ferdinand could hire withal appeased the Protestants at heart Germany that he would ensue them alone, musical mode out front the war expand out of doors Germany. credit entryThe capital of South Carolina Encyclopia, (2001) sixth Edition, 2001-2007. capital of South Carolina University Press. Retrieved on whitethorn 21, 2008. http//www. bartleby. com/65/th/ThirtyYe. html.

Memory Boy Essay

reposition boy The declare that I carry to read this 9 week period of time is called Memory by Will Weaver. The carry is based on the racys of a family of 4 commonwealth Miles, Sarah, and their dickens parents. Memory Boy starts bring out in the Mid due west after a mountain draw in chapiter erupts and spews ash what tellms billions of feet up, and eitherplace the entire joined Sates alike(p) a blanket. The ash is so thick that the great unwashed have to eating a room dust masks outdoors to keep down the find of breathing it in. Miles and his family last decide to present the town that they live in to fling northwest.Since the ash is so heavy they female genitalst ram a car because those are restricted, and people can completely when use them on certain years to avoid the difficulty of pollution. So Miles assembles a new fomite that he calls the Princess. It is a mix amidst a motorcycle and a sauceboat that they moldiness airplane pilot by e real pe ddling, or when in that location is enough lift they have a sail from a boat to regularize up. They decide to go off under the provide of night to avoid being notice by opposite people who would privation to take their vehicle from them.As they make their way North they must face encounters with more obstacles such as course blocks, bandits, hunger, the government, nature, each other, and other hazards. In between tattle us slightly theyre assay north, Miles, who is the main(prenominal) reference reverse discovers us the so farts direct up to their departure, scratch line with the day that the thrill give-up the ghosted. The novel starts out a smooth journey by the family but they concisely determine that their excursionist depart not be clear and they must work unitedly to survive.Miles is our main char behaveer and we live all the events happen through his compass point of view. He would be a next-to-last in proud school if they shut away in tru th went to school. Miles is a smart separate who enjoys doing the job of a mechanic. He create the Princess by himself and is the sole(prenominal) one who is virtually to fix and state it throughout the leger. He takes a vigorous requireership bureau even his parents play to him to solve the solutions. When the outlet erupted he was only in the 9th arcdegree.So e precise other chapter he will flashback to his 9th grade year to tell us a story astir(predicate) after the vent erupted. He lots compares his life flat to that of his 9th grade year, and how he would have through things different. He utilize to be immodest and would often act out in school to prove attention. He will explain to us how some of the events he tells us intimately have changed him. Miles babe Sarah is a hardly a(prenominal) years jr. than he is. She is a disgraceful and pathological girl the character that is into vampire, dark music, and dark literature.But even though she seems tough on the outside, but she is actually just hiding how scared she has been throughout this entire ordeal. She on the Q.T. looks up to miles even though she would never say so to him. She doesnt like her acquire very much because he was invariably away when she was a child. Miless father was a jazz role player in a band in the lead the eruption. He was always on the road with his band, so he wasnt or so much when Miles and Sarah were growth up.Although he seems quite an docile at the beginning of the agree we soon learn that he is actually quite the leader, and when Miles gets overwhelmed his father is always at that place to take the lead for awhile. Miless generate was the main caretaker of the children so she was always around. At the beginning of the book she kept the family together as a unit, they referred to her as being. The children see their mother as being befuddled most of the time. It isnt until later in the book that she genuinely blooms as a character, and beco mes a very useful summation to the group.

Salamander Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Salamander Surgery - Essay ExampleUtilitarian philosophy upholds the principle of equal consideration of interests such that all things beingness equal utmost consideration should be stipulation to that which would bring the most happiness and benefit and would cause less pain and suffering.This assumes that creatures of equal characteristics should be given equal consideration.Australian philosopher Professor Peter singer in 1975 in a landmark article All Animals are Equal (475) argues that discriminating against animals as different from humans is nothing different from racism and sexism. There is a lack of consideration for others who whitethorn be different in some aspects and are similar in some. He calls this speciesism, originally quoting Dr. Richard Ryder, referring to the attitude of bias towards the interest of members of ones own species and against those members other species.Citing Jeremy Bentham, founder of the reforming utilitarian school of moral philosophy, Singer contends that the capacity for suffering and enjoyment forms the basis for equal consideration of humans and animals. ... If racists violates the principle of equality by their prejudice against those of other races, and a sexist violates this alike(p) principle by favoring the interests of the members of the same sex, similarly speciesists, without considering that both animals and humans are capable of experiencing pain and suffering, allows the exploitation of other species for their own species benefit.However, the utilitarian perspective may also be used to justify the use of animals in research to some extent. This opinion considers the benefit of animal research in the scientific ambit over the cost imposed on animals. Ironically as opposed to anti-speciesist stance of Singer, it is the significant differences between humans and animals such as higher noesis and language ability that forms the basis of this justification. Critics of this variation of utilitarian view main tain that it is unjust to justify animal research with that argument as it supposes that animals are involuntary participants in research oblivious of the real costs of their involvement (Kimmel, 251). The Rights ArgumentThe main argument against the use of animals in research as articulated by Tom Regan in his article The Case for Animal Rights (1985) is that all beings equally share an inherent rank as living creatures. Recognition of this inherent value as individuals can lead to recognition of animals of their right to be treated with respect and not inflicted with any pain or anguish. Regan as a ego confessed animal rights advocate calls for the following goals (481) The total abolition of the use of animals in scienceThe total dissolution of commercial animal agricultureThe total excrement of commercial and sport hunting and trappingRegan attacks the

How may genetic and epigenetic phenomena influence cardiovascular risk Essay - 1

How may genetic and epigenetic phenomena influence cardiovascular risk by altering the pathophysiology of plasma lipoproteins - Essay ExampleAn key risk chemical element for the development of cardiovascular diseases is dyslipidemia, whereby the plasma concentrations of different lipoprotein fractions, in particular, HDL and low-density lipoprotein, ar deviated from the norm (Hegele, 2009, p. 111). Since approximately half of the variations in the plasma levels of HDL and LDL cholesterin atomic number 18 heritable (Kathiresan, et al., 2008, p. 1241), it is postulated that genetic influences play a significant role in the determination of plasma lipoprotein levels, especially HDL and LDL, which in turn are strongly correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and outcomes. Similarly, recent literature has also unveiled several epigenetic mechanisms whereby concentrations of different lipoproteins are altered. This paper discusses the relationship surrounded by the levels o f different lipoproteins found in the human bloodstream and the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the focus of this paper is to elucidate how genetic and epigenetic phenomena influence cardiovascular risk by altering the pathophysiology of plasma lipoproteins. The relationship between plasma lipoproteins and the risk for cardiovascular diseases As discussed previously, CVDs are the leading preventable cause of death globally. It has been found that these diseases posting for approximately 50% of the deaths in the developed world and are the most common cause of death in both developed and underdeveloped countries (Ebesunun, Agbedana, Taylor, & Oladapo, 2008, p. 282). In the United States alone, cardiovascular diseases have been shown to claim almost 1 million lives each year (Eichner, Dunn, Perveen, Thompson, Stewart, & Stroehla, 2002, p. 490). The domain of cardiovascular diseases encompasses various ailments such as hypertension, coronary thrombosis artery disease, arr hythmias, cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and peripheral arterial disease (Brunzell, et al., 2008, p. 811 Eichner, Dunn, Perveen, Thompson, Stewart, & Stroehla, 2002, p. 490). there are several established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, both modifiable and non-modifiable, including and not limited to age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity (in particular, central obesity) and dyslipidemia (Rizzo & Berneis, 2006, p. 1 Ordovas, 2009, p. 1509). Dyslipidemia, which is defined as an alteration in the plasma levels of lipids and lipoproteins, is an important risk factor for CVD (Hegele, 2009, p. 111). Lipoproteins are transporter macromolecules that are present in the human bloodstream and tend to serve the function of transporting insoluble plasma lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides in the bloodstream (Hegele, 2009, p. 109). There are several different types of lipoproteins present in the plasma, which have been classified according to their den sity, particle size and the substances that they transport (Hegele, 2009, p. 110). Several studies have revealed that the most important determinants of cardiovascular risk are the levels of two important lipoproteins, viz. HDL and LDL and alterations in the levels of these lipoproteins can lead to several pathologies. While elevated LDL is found to increase CVD risk, elevated levels of HDL are found to confer protection against the likelihood of developing CVD. For example, it has been found that a 1mmol/l reduction in the plasma levels of LDL cholesterol leads to a 21% decline in the risk for

Business decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business decision making - Essay ExampleIf this isnt used effectively, then the opposite response will be given and wont provide the right impression while leaving a bad image that is within the economy. Planning and Delivery of London Olympics 2012 The process used for planning and delivery of the London Olympics for 2012 began with the concept of supply chain opportunities through and through the concept of Compete For. This allowed potential suppliers to sound within the London Olympics 2012 while finding the most qualified for the atmosphere that was a part of the business. By whirl contract opportunities, there was not only the ability to select those that fit with the atmosphere, but likewise to balance out the competition among businesses interested in world a part of the games. This allowed equal opportunity among suppliers and vendors and ensured that those who were working could balance the supply chain needed (Compete For, 2011). The concept of Compete For was furthere d by the paper, electrical goods, furniture, nails, steel, radio systems, modify contracts and other vendor opportunities. The goods are divided by the vendors that are needed and the pending contracts that havent been fulfilled. There are also options for small to queen-sized restrictions and the ability for divergent nationalities to be a part of the supply and demand as a part of the London Olympics. ... The approach which has been taken with this is one that is not only providing the main committee with the ability to create a response, but also allows the businesses to advertise for more vendors. Those who are invited to working in the London Olympics 2012 also have the capacity of moving into the games. This is combined with the ability to advertise for other vendors by connecting to the area where vendors are needed. This allows other vendors to come in and provide more opportunities to those who are working into an online presence. The other vendors then have the ability to spread the word of working for the London Olympics 2012 while providing more that are looking into the like opportunities. This allows the committee to find a combination of vendors while offering various options that are a part of the business. The options that are available allow the marketing to work with the London Olympics while having advertising from other businesses that acquaint they are selected as a part of the committee. They can then add in PR, opportunities for their business and show that they are offering high end services. The second process is with a celebration that was given to introduce the London Olympics 2012. The UK wide celebration was an annual slip that was held to show the choosing of being a part of the chosen city. Creating this as a kick off event was then able to create a different association with being a part of the Olympics. By doing this there is the ability to create a specific alternative to working within the Olympics while wake that th e businesses could submit their plans and work within the committee. This provided a specific way to create an approach to advertising the business while getting response from PR, businesses and

Prescriptive Design Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prescriptive Design Models - Essay ExamplePahl & Beitz (1988) developed the systematic flak in design, and dissever the flow of work into four distinct steps. According to Pahl and Beitz, the first and initial stage in prescriptive design is clarification of the task. This entails collecting enough materials regarding info of the project, the requirements of the specific design, and the constraints to be faced in the actual design work. These stages will prepare a learner psychologically by offering the background entropy regarding the design, what they are actually required to do and the limits in terms of requirements and the scope of the actual design. The second stage according to this model would be the conceptual design. This ferment as Pahl & Beitz explain involves establishing functional structures, searching for the most suitable and viable solution principles and combining these to form a concept or design alternatives. This approach broadens a learners approach to hav e various ways in which they may approach the design process by understanding the chemical element better through its functional dimension, and broadening the concept to find other design alternatives. According to Pahl & Beitz, after understanding the functionality of the component and having several design approaches, the conterminous step would be the embodiment design.

Online Writing Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Writing Lab - Essay ExampleYou, I believe, would also be experiencing the same difficulties with language and culture that all in all people feeler from other countries face during the early days adjusting in the new environment. The matter doesnt get any easier especially for an immigrant coming from a developing and a Muslim country like Pakistan in our case. Locals looking at us with a suspicious eye, jobs not easy to secure, investigation teams just around the corner waiting for us to make a wrong move etc are close to of the problems that we have to cope up with. Apart from this there comes the problem of communication gaps that subsist between the locals and people like us who use English as a second language. Writing applications, interview letters, and even write and speaking easy words may elicit negative and undesired feedback due to inappropriate usage of grammar. Sometimes using correct sentence composition may trim down us in trouble since the usage did no t convert to the same context in the locals minds due to cultural differences.Having experienced these issues myself, I have some encouraging news for you about how to avoid landing into tricky situations in front of your peers. Leafing through my computer files yesterday I found my outcome to the cultural and language problems I had faced during my initial days in the United States. The solution was a simple Online Writing Lab called OWL for short. An OWL is an unceasingly available facility which provides you free writing resources and instructional material on the internet. It is a portal where students, members of the community, and global users can find information to assist them with many writing projects temporary hookup teachers and trainers can use the material for in-class and out-of-class instructions. Every country has its own set of rules and expectations about the ways to communicate in a seam setting. In some countries, they may place less emphasis on written mate rials and more emphasis on verbal communication. However, in the United States, memos, letters, and emails are important and play a role in creating a persons business reputation. The OWL at Purdue has a special section relating on how Non-Americans should go about writing for a business audience. It includes information on how to approach a topic by getting to the point, to keep the message simple, how and when to use active and passive representative with special emphasis on nondiscriminatory language, and a guide on using verbs rather than keeping the message vague. The best part of the Online Writing Lab is that it provides a teacher-student relationship as in a school yet a completely professional online environment just like in the case of aloofness learning. You can write a letter for your business intention, but send it first to your teacher at the OWL from where you will receive instructions and study on how to improve your business writing. As a result you can then send the convincingly written revised letter for the business purpose you initially intended and get a firm response. Not only this, there is a lot more available on their website including basic format and referencing styles for business reports, demo letters and memorandums, and writing guidelines. Your reputation remains safe while all the time you learn how to make your writing skills even better. And while your writing skills improve, you are assured that your spoken language gets better.Your convenience is the key here. You can send emails, write letters or memos, and make corrections and revisions all at a

CRIMINAL LAW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CRIMINAL LAW - Coursework ExampleIn the process, he releases a lion and a tiger. The lion then proceeds to kill a person nearby. The issue is whether the entry release of the dangerous animals and the subsequent killing renders Oscar liable for murder or not. In examining the murder, it is essential to evaluate if it leads to a financial obligation of involuntary manslaughter or not. Rules In involuntary manslaughter, the actus reus is an unlawful and dangerous act. In R V Slingsby (1995), a woman died when a man conducted dangerous cozy acts on her. Although the defendant argued that it was an ordinary sexual act that had gone out of scope, it was held that he was guilty because the act was dangerous and unlawful. In R V church building (1965), the term dangerous was interpreted to mean that it exposes another person to a risk of some harm. Based on this, if such an act is conducted, a person pull up stakes be guilty of committing involuntary manslaughter. The mens rea of involun tary manslaughter is to commit an act that is obvious to every reasonable person as a dangerous act. In scandalize of this obvious indication, the defendant proceeded to commit that act. In DPP V Newbury and Jones (1976), the defendants were two teenage boys. They threw a piece of stone from a bridge into a passing train. This sum and killed a guard who was sitting in the drivers compartment. It was held that they had committed involuntary manslaughter because it was obvious to them as reasonable people that they undertook a dangerous act when they foresaw the consequences of their actions. Due to the spirit of involuntary manslaughter, the most likely defence is diminished responsibility under section 2 of Homicide Act, 1957. This means that the defendant was suffering from an abnormal mind which caused him to ignore to exercise willpower and committed such acts (R V Byrne 1960). Also, a person with a substantially impaired mental responsibility could be plead on the grounds of the impairment (R V Lloyd 1967). Application In this case, Oscar decides to go to the premises of Peters circus. He did this and released the dangerous animals because he believed they were organism ill-treated. In release the animals to prevent them from being ill-treated, he failed to realize that he was releasing them into a populated area where the animals could cause havoc to human beings. Releasing a lion and tiger was dangerous. Also, it is evident that he did not seek the consent of Peter who is licensed to keep the animals under lock and key as a circus operator. This constitutes a overstep under Common Law and makes the act illegal. It should have been obvious to Oscar that an ill-treated lion or tiger was much better caged than released into the society. This is because if the caged lion or tiger is released in an urban centre, it would cause carnage and kill a lot of people. On the balance of probabilities, it should have occurred to him that releasing the animals co uld cost human lives. However, he did not take time to reconsider that. This makes it a valid mens rea for the commission of involuntary manslaughter. Conclusion In conclusion, Oscar committed the actus reus of unlawfully entering the premises of Peter and releasing dangerous animals that killed a human being. Also, he was negligent and did not think much about his actions. As such, he is guilty of manslaughter. Due to the circumstances, his only plausible defence is to plead on the grou

Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Methodology - Essay Example3.1.2 Phase 2 To identify the role that art has played as a subject in the Iraqi community 3.1.3 Phase 3 To understand and formulate an opinion on the reasons why art is not an master(prenominal) subject in Iraqi secondary schools. 3.1.4 Phase 4 Compare the approach to the teaching and learning of art in the UK with that of Iraq 3.2 Sample & Theorisation ingest is an important element for the study of a representative body to acquire information or so a subject that can be generalised all over a wider population (Dodds, 2011). In order to understand each of the four phases, there go away be the need to study a carefully selected equipoise of the relevant populations to come up with findings that would be applicable to the objective identified. The wider population involves the breeding authorities in Iraq and the teachers and their classroom activities. In order to examine this, samples testament be taken from schools in the UK and in Iraq. For the study in Iraq, students and teachers from two schools will be chosen from Baghdad and two drawn from the major cities of Basrah, Mosul and Al Sulaimanya. There would also be samples of four schools studied in the UK. Based on the responses that will be taken from these four schools in each realm and the educational authorities, the research will arrive at conclusions that will be representative of the entire country. Since the samples taken would be representative of the country, the generalisation and theorisation would be more likely to represent peoples attitudes towards art education and give information about the state of art education in Iraq. 3.3 Data Collection The briny data for the research will be collected from questionnaires and secondary sources. 3.3.1 Secondary Sources (Documents) The secondary sources will include the collection of information about important documents which link to the position of art education in Iraq and the United Kingdom. This will be done th rough the perusal of important documents that describe the position of art education in both countries. This will include an examination of current educational policies and important arrangements towards studies in both countries. In the examination of secondary sources, relevance will be the main guiding principle. In other words documents that provide relevant information about the state of Art education at the secondary level in the UK and Iraq will form the basis of the choice of documents to be studied in the research. 3.3.2 Questionnaires Questionnaires will be handed out to the teachers and students that will be chosen in the sample stage from the four schools in the UK and the four schools in Iraq. This will enable the researcher to identify significant information. The questions asked are addressable below in Appendix 1 and 2. The questionnaires are styled in a close ended format to provide quick and easy information about what the respondents think and state in their rese arch. The questionnaires will be sent out to various respondents and their responses will be collated. For the purpose of easy analysis, the same questionnaires will be distributed both in the UK and in Iraq. This will ensure that the comparison would be easy and analyses can be completed at a much fast pace. 3.4 Data Analysis The findings of both the secondary source perusal and the

Drug use and Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

medicine use and Crime - Essay ExampleHowever, had he not been high it is likely the eight preteen women would not have died.While Specks case might not be a good indicator of the relationship between drug use and crime, some other authorities recognize the relationship. The dose Enforcement agency has compiled statistics for years concerning the relationship between drug use and crime. A 1997 study of violence against Law Enforcement Officers conducted by the federal official Bureau of Investigation showed that 24 pct of the assailants were under the influence of drugs at the time of the rapine and that 72 percent had a history of narcotics violations. (Speaking out Against Drug Legalization, Drug Enforcement Agency fact Sheet 7)Far from being a victimless crime, Drug usage leads to other crime. The United States Postal Service investigated 29 incidents that resulted in 34 deaths in a period spanning thirteen years between 1986 and 1999.Twenty of the thirty-four perpetrators ei ther had a history of substance abuse or were known to be under the influence of alcoholic beverage or illicit drugs at the time of the incident. (Speaking out Against Drug Legalization Fact Sheet 7, Drug Enforcement Agency)Unfortunately, Richard Speck isnt an anomaly. Brenda Spencer, a sixteen-year-old high school student went on a shooting rampage January 29, 1979. The troubled teenager was frequently absent from school, was involved in several petty thefts and had a history of drug abuse. She killed two school employees and wounded several students and a police officer in her shooting spree. (World cyclopaedia of 20th Century Murder, Jay Robert Nash, Paragon House Page 533) A 1994 Journal of the American Medical Association article reported that cocaine use was connect to high homicide rates in New York City. The Office of National Drug Control Policy estimated that there were 53,000 drug related deaths in that year. The Vietnam Wars death doorbell was 58,000 for an eight and a half year period.And it isnt just murder. According to the Justice Departments Bureau of Justice Statistics, drug use was linked to crimes against property in 26.9 percent of the reported crimes in 2002. This was an increase of 2.4 percent from just six years earlier. These crimes were committed to get money to buy drugs with. Of all crimes compiled for the report. 16.4 percent were committed to call on the carpet money for drugs in 2002, an increase of 1.3 percent from 1996 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Substance Dependence, Abuse, and Treatment of Jail Inmates, 2002, NJC 209588, July 2005. Approximately two of every five rapes or sexual assault committed against college students, the victims perceived the perpetrator was under the influence of drugs. Of all violent crimes against college students, persons perceived to be under the influence of drugs committed 41 percent. (Bureau of Justice Statistics, groundless Victimization of College Students, 1995- 2000, NJC 196143, Decem ber 2003) The statistics become even grimmer when we look at probationers. The first national survey of adults on probation conducted in 1995 found that 14 percent of the probationers were on drugs when they committed their offense. Among those on probation 49 percent of the mentally ill used drugs or alcohol at the time of their offence and 46percent of others used drugs or alcohol at the time. (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Substance Abuse and Treatment of Adults on Probation, 1995, NJC 166611,

Smart Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smart Cities - Essay ExampleThe trendy city root word is, thus, borne out of this. The smart city, present and future, promises sparing growth, as well as, competitiveness presented in highly educated talent, seamless electronic connections and high-tech industries. Other ground used for the same include cyber Ville, electronic communities, and intelligent cities among others (EmbeddedComputingDesign).Singh identified eight macro-economic aspects which define a smart city namely smart energy, smart building, smart governance, mobility, smart infrastructure, smart technology, healthcare and a smart citizen (Singh). Close to this is another definition of a city as being smart when investments in sociable and human capital and transport and ICT (modern) communication infrastructure catalyze reliable economic development, high quality of life, alongside a wise management of essential resources with participatory action and engagement (Deakin 65-83). The universality in definitions i s achieved in the convention of micro and macroeconomic factors.The shift in paradigm to smart cities stems from socio-economic factors such as, economic restructuring, climate change, pressures on the public finances, ageing populations, as well as, entertainment, and online retail. Thus, creating and sustaining conditions suitable for learning and innovation is an important prerequisite in the existence of smart cities. In the same vein, for European countries to achieve Europes 2020 goals of climate change, innovation, employment, employment, energy, and poverty reduction, progress in the smart city would be welcome (Singh).To any enkindle party, certain questions stand out. For example, how much urban investment will be responsible to achieve in the future? What are the factors to consider? What are their sustainability or future plans? How smart is smart for the

Honeynets implementation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Honeynets implementation - Case Study ExampleTo ascertain the effectiveness of the project in administering the foresaid role, I have done sufficient enquiry about the reliability and convenience of the scheme in managing the task and have found it much viable and efficient. The research done covered a full scope including monitoring and getting feedback with those already with the system. I have also done hypothetical hacking techniques and in all the cases, the project has proved beyond hacking. I therefore strongly recommend the project for your institution to cushion form such possible attempts. Best regards. Executive Summery During the month of February, we received a formal communication to design a system security than would be hackers proof since the existing one was frequently being intruded in. It did not provide a resistant guard to hackers. Following this communication, we designed a study to religious service the company in the following ways I. Keeping intruders out side the production system in disguise while they think they are inside the important production system. II. It recognizes any intrusion attempt. This is because any operation found within it asshole only be from an intruder. III. Cheaper to manage it can be virtually back up as opposed to those that are physically supported. IV. Recognizing and storing the pattern taken by the intruders to help our experts advance a quick counter response. During the month of February, hackers intruded into the production line system of the company. As a result of the intrusion several information were altered within the production system and the company lost very crucial operational and direction data. In this regard, the company is estimated to have lost about $ 150,000. As a result of our in depth feasibility study, we established the following criterion for the system to be adopted a) Can be virtually supported b) It has significantly low cost of maintenance c) It gives the identity of the hackers d) It is difficult to penetrate by hackers In this regard, we want to confidently appeal for companys management to ratify the new security system and engage it for the next six month during which they will observe the number of attempted hacking without success in the main system. It is at this time that it will prove inevitable to avoid. Abstract The need to prevent hackers from succeeding in their quest is one of the investments being done by most of the brass instruments. Organizations do invest in various systems that will ensure that their insider information is not leaked to the unauthorized persons or that the unknown does not manipulate the organizations data. Various systems have therefore been floated in response to the conduct. The lingering question is the viability of the system employed to succeed in the intended purpose, we made a proposal to your organization in this regard where we intended to implement the Honeynet project. Research was done about this p roject in terms of how successful it is and the information self-contained is

Fast food Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Fast food Research Report - Essay ExampleApproximately 22 pct of the interviewed respondents express that they took profuse food four sidereal days in a week and more than one-fifth of the population had the meal on daily basis. Although 90 percent were aware of the adverse effects of fast foods, they were still addicted to it. Health education programs, public awareness campaigns as well as dietary guidelines could be initiated so as to address the unhealthy lifestyles of the students and help them improve on their health. Good tastes of the foods, low costs were some of the main reasons given by the students for consume fast foods occasionally. Others said that the foods are quick, easy to get and cheap. Other students said that they are very busy to cook and that they dont like the obtain of cooking. On the other hand, high costs and preference for other restaurants were the major reasons not to consume such foods (Fraser, Edwards, Cade, Clarke 2012, 82).The average monthly f requency of consumption of fast foods by the students was 4.05 (4.25 for men and 3.83 for ladies). As anticipated, the consumption of fast foods was considered to be a special event instead of being a part of ever day diet, closely connected with meeting close friends and celebrating on special occasions. Attitude towards the consumption of fast foods was not notably associated with the behavioral intention. Therefore, effective and efficient fodder education programs on consumption of fast foods should include components to alter the subjective norms of fast food consumption, more so among peers as well as comprehend behavioral control. Further studies should be conducted to examine effective ways of altering subjective norms and possible choices to fast food consumption for students in colleges and universities to alter comprehend behavioral control (Brevard & Ricketts 1996, 35)Consumption of take

The ethics of the earlier thinkers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The ethics of the earlier thinkers - Essay ExampleStill others have no real faith and try to make up a moral foundation out of their personal experience adding rules and content to it as the years go by. Some philosophers have talked of two pull throughences existing. One the world we live in and another better, more perfect world that exists somewhere else. This way of thinking is also the foundation of much theological thought too.Plato, ilk Descartes, believed that the mind and the soul were basically the same thing. However, unlike Descartes, Plato thought that the soul was eternal and didnt with the body but changed its form and shape, as it was a kindhearted of opposite. One of Platos most important purposes was his belief in the existence of two worlds 1 a world of real things that we can see and one a world of forms, or perfect representations of these things. Plato was always about duality, both in objects and forms, but also in body and soul. For example, a spoon wou ld exist on your table, but also somewhere else as a kind of perfect spoon. The same idea would apply to things like colours or animals. Homer, too, dual-lane this idea. He saw the world as divided between mortals and gods. But for him it was possible to cross over between the worlds. Odysseus, for example, was able to visit the Underworld Achilles was half-god and half-man. This concept was also shared by Aquinas, but somewhat less imaginatively. He believed that God was perfect and that we are but a shadow cast by this perfection.There is so much to write about when it comes to this subject. Morality is all around us and affects everything we do, all of our actions and all of our interpersonal relationships. Our lives are also fit(p) by our view of the division of the world and the possible existence of God. This has been a popular concept throughout history, even if it has been overcome by ideas such as moral relativism in todays world. For those reasons, it is very important t o study and think about. I personally do not

AR 364 HISTORY OF ART(print based) Research Paper

AR 364 HISTORY OF ART(print based) - Research Paper ExampleEvery man is an maneuverist. Every individual has a way to voice out what is sacking on inside of him and loose it out in ways that would make an impact to whoever perceives. Art as an expression reflects what is happening in a certain society and culture. If art is a work output, then it must come from inside of the artist. The freedom of every individual lets him explore the vastness of his creativity exploding into alter concepts of supreme work of art and achievements.Historically, art has evolved through time and culture. Since the evolution of human history, art is already present. Early artworks were seen on the caves and rocks. They were aesthetically basic, devoid of colors, no definite forms and lacking in medium. Regardless of their simplicity, they are renowned important due to the message and content that they carry. What they have done is considered supreme and historically signifi evictt. Their art is their way of expression of what they perceive in their nature. Due to their simple cave wall caricatures and sketches, mans civilization was traced.The message of an artwork reveals the environment at certain point in the history. There is a dynamic relationship of the artist with the environment, whether internal or external. With all his intellect, emotions, and religious beliefs, he freely tender out what he infers from his system. There are various factors that affect the artists works such as geographical, historical, religion, politics, and other day to day happenings can make artists resolved into expressions painted in canvasses to portray soundless words. This symbiotic human cycle produces a total artwork that is directed into shaping the human beings creating history and directing the course of the future.Art has been evident since the early period of Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic period in 30,000 BC to 2,000 BC. Man has expressed what they sensed from nature throug h

The Courthouse Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Courthouse Hotel - Essay ExampleAt the Courthouse Hotel, individuals in management positions felt that there were no opportunities for further achievement. For this reason, turnover rates at the Courthouse Hotel are high. disorder in this form is detrimental to the entire team spirit of the organisation. Staff witness unsatisfied co-workers quitting their jobs because of the assumption that in terms of personal avenues for success, the company is a dead-end. As a consequence, the entire group suffers lack of confidence in the organisation.The Courthouse Hotel has poor retention rates. People resourcing and hiring practises are faulty and disordered. Staff persons are employed on an as-needed basis, which means the hotel uncertainly staffed, insufficiently prepared for employment or anticipated business growth. As the current people resourcing practise stands, the hotel pull up stakes not succeed. Hiring procedures will not meet the needs of a sixty percent growth in trade.In terms of staff already employed by the hotel, these employees immortalise no little satisfaction with their jobs. Employees ponder the improved flexibility and conditions offered by the national and international hotel chains in town. Facing company change, the new business owner should fear leave-taking. Unless assured of their future success with the Courthouse Hotel, the current staff will leave before the fruits of renovations are encountered.The acute fault of peo... II. RecommendationsA). Management schemeBased upon the observed framework of the old hotel and the future needs of the renovated hotel, staff stability must(prenominal) be fortified. Considering the anticipated sixty percent growth of trade, the continuance of present employees is desired for sheer capatown of staff. The strategy suggested to the new owner of the Courthouse Hotel is the Ashridge Mission Model (. This model comes from the Cultural School of Strategic Management, teaching that the organisation m ust function as a cohesive unit, succeeding internally as well as externally (Mintzberg 2005). The company mission is a strategic diaphysis to provide unity of direction and confidence of staff. The strengths of the Ashridge Mission Model counter the defects of the Courthouse Hotel. Pertaining to Stability of Tenure, the Mission of the model is intended to motivate staff to excellent performance, thereby lend confidence in their position. Pertaining to Unity of Direction, or the inaccessibility of staff feeling was inaccessible to all staff, the Ashridge models strength is in its Mission Statement. The Mission Statement provides a sense of direction and is intended to refocus an organisation during crises.(Ashridge) Although reorganisation is not a crisis, the incapatown of the current management to facilitate change while reinforcing staff morale is an acute predicament. The shared values provide unity among employees and improve their Espirit de Corps. The value in using this mo del to restrategise people resourcing is clear. Employees have reason to lack morale and confidence in their management team, also confidence that they will retain their jobs. The have little motivation to do so.

Should Exams Be Abolished Essay Example for Free

Should Exams Be Abolished EssayAccording to a recent survey of Education Newspaper, what cause students to be frightened the close to is exams. Some students say that the exams should be abolished because they make students absolutely anxious and nerve-wracking. However, the exams play an important role in schools life and also use up many advantages. So I believe that the exams should not be abolished because of some reasons. The most important reason is that exams are a method to examine students take aim and .Depending on results of exams teachers dejection determine how students acquire knowledge. If marks are from 7-10 that mean students apprehend well the content of subjects, teachers will give them some difficult exercises to overhaul students develop their creation. On the other hand, if marks are below 7 that mean students mountt understand clearly the subjects.In addition, after doing exams, students fanny know more about their knowledge. Students will determine what are weak points, where are the holes in their knowledge. From these, students review these parts in order not to bond when do them later Another reason is that exams make students to hire harder. Some fast or mini exams will force students to attend the classes frequently.Some teachers dont want to remind when students have mini exams. Any time teachers see some interesting exercises, teachers will gives students do those which are like mini tests. If students dont attend class those days, they will lose one or two column marks, which make their mid-term results low Its true that exams make students stressful and anxious. Some students say that when exams come near, they have to cram a lot of lesson in short time, which make them exhaust.That is the reason why students wish exams would be abolished. However, these pressures arent caused by exams but students. During the study, students should take note the main points of each subject and review after classes. And when they have exams, they just read again but can remember the important information. They no longer feel stressful in order to cram the lessons. Moreover, if there are no the exams, how can students examine their levels? They study more and more, but they dont know what the destinations are and how many percents they apprehend the knowledge after studying. As the result, they feel vague and bored. In the end, students studying will not be effective if there are no exams. Although they make students absolutely anxious, theyshouldnt be abolished.

Environmental Impacts from over Population Essay Example for Free

Environmental Impacts from over Population EssayIntroduction The tribe of military personnel beings on this planet has been gaining exponentially, since the dawn of Man. A basic feature of an exponential increase is that the numbers increase faster and faster as the race doubles and redoubles, with each doubling occurring in the same amount of time (Wright, 2008), As the population continues to multiply, so do the impacts upon our surround and surrounding ecosystems. As human populations increase, the demands for food, supplies, and housing also increase. With these increased demands, there is now a greater strain upon our resources more than ever before. The question then becomes, what are the impacts upon our environs by our population situation, and is there anything that trick be done to deal with the problems from this dilemma? Population Impacts As civilization has continued to grow and develop, so has the impact upon our environment by our exploding population. As mank ind began to modernize, the Earth began to feel impacts by the choices made from its inhabitants. Beginning with the rude revolution, humankind became able to manipulate his environment (Sharp, 2000). During the agricultural revolution, man was able to plant and grow food.As societies were still nomadic in their nature, mankind would use the resources of the Earth to their fullest extent, and then move on to the future(a) area. This started with slash and burn techniques, and for the first time, CO2 levels were modified (Sharp, 2000) As the population of the planet continued to surge, the next great impact upon the environment would be the industrial revolution of the 1800s. With the boom of the industrial revolution across the world, the demand for rude(a) resources and the impacts upon the environment would soar.More people and natural resources were admited to sustain the new industrial system and the needs of development societies (Sharp, 2000). The impacts of the industrial revolution were great and vast. For the first time in our worlds history, we could see the potential impacts of using our natural resources and dealing with an ever-growing worldwide population. The personal effects of population growth upon the environment are becoming revealed at an alarming rate. Between 1960 and 1999, Earths population doubled from three one million million million to six billion people (Rand, 2000).The world has changed dramatically over the last several geezerhood. The landscapes and ecosystems that were present hundreds of years of ago are no longer in existence. We are consuming our natural resources at an alarming rate. In fact, many environmental experts believe that human beings have reached their carrying capacity of sustainable life. How do we agree the challenges of population growth and managing our natural resources without exploiting the environment? First, we must begin to invest in technology that does not degrade the environment (Sharp, 2000) .This is very critical to the computer storage of a sustainable environment for our future. In the past, countries developed around their economic strength. This factor often meant that most races did not consider long-term environmental impacts by their decisions. These slash and burn techniques by many nations have resulted in devastating consequences to our ecosystems. There are entire species that have become extinct, all in the summon of economic progress. This short-term economic gain for many of these nations has resulted in effects that pass on be felt from generations to come.The eye of man can see the effects of population growth. It also can now project the effects of population demand in the future. One of the growing problems facing mankind today is spheric climate change. From glaciers melting, to rising oceanic temperatures, and even climactic weather events, the effects of population upon the earth, have impacted our future for many years. Research suggests that temperatures have been influenced by growing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which absorb solar radiation and warm the atmosphere (Rand, 2000).There is still a great deal that we can do to fulfil the environment and place a halt to the devastating environment impacts of our population growth. Our sustainability not only depends on us meeting this challenge, but also presents an luck to provide for the future of our civilization. An encouraging note is the simple fact that many companies are now becoming green companies, meaning that they are attempting to be environmentally conscious and pursue policies that offer to protect and not neglect our environment. The answers to this problem are two fold.First, we must address the growing populations in the developing world. The populations in these areas are growing at an alarming rate. Many of these areas are already facing critical famines and food shortages of historic proportions. Unfortunately, efforts to implement policies tha t stress birth reign have not been effective. We must address the growing populations in these areas, if we are to tackle the problems that population growth has created upon the Earth. The next problem we must address, if we are to watch adequate sustainability upon the Earth, is our own consumption issues.As a nation, we are consuming natural resources at an alarming rate. We consume more energy per capita than any nation on this planet. Moreover, we must develop better land-use policies in the developed world. The slash and burn tactics of the past must be stopped and we must accommodate the fact that we cannot destroy entire ecosystems that have taken hundreds of years to develop, and believe we can replace them by simply planting hundreds of trees that will take years to grow. The impacts of our decisions are great. The choice is clearly impacted by economic factors.As a nation, our demand for consumer goods is at a high level. While our population is growing at a slow rate, our consumption levels have never been higher. Many Americans do not focus on the environmental impacts of their decisions today. We must implement beneficial environmental policies that embrace this factor. The choices are clear for society. As the population of the world continues to soar, so will the stresses upon our environment. There will be a greater need for usable water system, natural resources, and even greater energy demands.While these demands pose a potential calamity for the environment, they also create opportunity for new industries. As mankind begins to recognize the negative effects upon the environment by poor decisions and usage in the past, we as a society can create and environment that fosters the development of green industries and elect government officials that encourage policies that promote the well being of our environment. Conclusion The effects on our environment from our population are apparent everyday.One need only look to the smog filled sky, o r read the newspapers decrying the shortages of drinking water, and the battles that are ensuing to lay claim to that drinking water to realize the impact of the decisions that face us as a society today. We can change the way we live and stop the poor use of the environment, and we can control the growth of the population in third world countries, or continue the status quo. If we choose poorly, we will face an environmental impact that will test the sustainability, not only of our civilization, but also of our planet.

Greek Mythology and Zeus Essay Example for Free

Greek Mythology and genus genus Zeus EssayMultiple Choice Choose the response that best answers the question. 2 points each.1. This type of analysis was pioneered by French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss a. Theoretical analysisb. Liminal analysisc. Structural analysisd. None of the above2. This term refers to the many Greek godsa. Pantheonb. Tetrarchyc. Tritopatoresd. All of the above3. Kronos and Rhea were the parents ofa. Zeusb. Poseidonc. Hadesd. All of the above4. Known for his lightning bolt, this god was often called the king of the gods in the ancient Greek tradition a. Poseidonb. Odinc. Jesusd. Zeus5. __________ is our oldest written writer of information about the Greek gods a. Hesiodb. Homerc. Apollodorusd. None of the above6. Poseidon was called the earth-shaker becausea. He could gather clouds and call forth stormsb. He could grant a successful transit to sailorsc. The sea, his do principal(prenominal), surrounded the earth, and thus he who held the earth could shake it. d. His weapon was a massive pitchfork that split the earth7. Hades wasa. Both a blank space and a godb. A lifeless realm of shadows and gloomc. The place where psychai went after deathd. All of the above8. This god raped his sister Demeter as she roamed Earth looking for Persephone. a. Hadesb. Zeusc. Poseidond. Ares9. The winged horse Pegasus is the son ofa. Zeusb. Aphroditec. Cyclopsd. Poseidon10. By the classical period, Hades feature three main levels a. Tartarus, Elysium, Erebusb. Erebus, Fields of Asphodel, Elysiumc. Tartarus, Fields of Asphodel, Elysiumd. None of the above11. Charon immediately ferried passengers into the underworld as long as they a. Asked nicelyb. Carried a gold coin to pay their counselc. Prayed to Zeus for helpd. Obeyed Hades every command12. Objects destined for Hades were buried with the bodies of the dead, however they were a. Burned or broken as a emblem of their belonging to the realm of the dead b. Coated in gold to please Hadesc. Burie d with the spouse of the deceasedd. None of the above13. Rhea salve Zeus from his father Kronos bya. Feeding him another womans childb. Engaging in a conspiracy with her brothers and sisters to imprison him c. Feeding him a rock disguised as a babyd. All of the above14. These ancestor gods were considered to be beneficent dead a. Forefathersb. Aoraic. Restless deadd. Tritopatores15. This goddess is known as the goddess of wild animals and carried a silver bow. a. Athenab. Hippodomeiac. Herad. Artemis16. As the goddess of virginal women and women in childbirth, Artemis could a. Determine how much pain a woman experienced during laborb. root who a woman could marryc. Prevent infants from being exposedd. None of the above17. This goddess waged a contest with Poseidon over a major city in ancient Greece. a. Artemisb. Aphroditec. Athenad. Hera18. Athena is called a motherless child becausea. She was born when Kronos vomited up all of his childrenb. She was born from Zeuss forehead afte r he swallowed Metis c. She killed her mother moments after she was bornd. None of the above19. The aegis wasa. A symbol of Zeus favoritismb. Athenas protective garmentc. Crafted from the befog of Amalthead. All of the above20. This was the god of wara. Nikeb. Zeusc. Aresd. Apollo21. Ares was despised by his fellow Olympian deities because he was known as a. Rude, crude and maniacalb. The preferent of Zeusc. The true king of the Olympiansd. None of the above22. The Romans viewed Mars positively becausea. He married a mortal woman and became the first king of capital of Italy b. He raped a Vestal Virgin, fathering Romulus and Remus in the process c. He fought off an attack of the Titans on Romed. All of the above23. This god was each thrown out of Olympus because he was lame, or lame because he was thrown out of Olympus. a. Hermesb. Apolloc. Hephaestusd. Remus24. Hephaestus was known for his many inventions. He used a golden last(a) to a. Capture the Phoenixb. Prevent the Medusa from escaping Okeanosc. Capture his wife Aphrodite and Ares in their adulterous affair d. Build the walls of Troy25. This god was known for his licentious fashion and intoxicating drink a. Hephaestusb. Aresc. Dionysusd. HermesShort answer Answer briefly in written prose. 4 points each.1. Explain why Prometheus is a liminal figure.2. Discuss the nature of Zeus relationship with Hera.3. Describe the rites of Dionysus.4. Describe what makes Prometheus a culture giver.5. Describe Hestias central role in Greek culture.Essay Question. Respond in bollock prose. 30 points.1. Considering all of the material we covered in class regarding the Greek gods, Greek culture and structural analysis, compare and contrast major elements of the stories of Greek invention and the modern film Clash of the Titans. What aspects of Greek mythology are retained in the film?Which ones are not? In terms of cultural values, what does the story of Perseus and his adventures endanger about ancient Greek cultur e? What does the film reveal about modern viewers ideas about Greek mythologyi.e. how are the gods depicted differently from the steering ancient Greeks conceived of them and what is the relationship between humans and gods? Be sure to cite specific examples. Use the textbook and our close study of the Greek tragedies read in class for Greek examples. Use the film as evidence of modern examples.

Importance of Vaccinations

Importance of VaccinationsKasandra PadillaEach family the Department of Health and Human Services releases a list, essentially a schedule, of plectronal vaccines for children 0-18 months. Although these shots are non required, they are highly recommended. However, in recent years there has been speculation that the rise in childhood immunizations has caused excessive and supernumerary medical issues among children in the United States. This hearsay, spurred on by a handful of studies, birdcalls causal relationships between developmental disabilities and sealed elements found in vaccines. These studies, along with true religious teachings and personal beliefs, baffle caused a number of parents across the United States to opt out of inject their children. This decision has, unfortunately, caused the recent outbreaks of several, previously manageable, viruses in a number of Americas cities. In his article Anti-Vaccination Movement Causes a Deadly Year in the U.S. (2013), Brian Krans stated, The anti-vaccination movement continues to leave the door open to outbreaks of diseases that bind been all but eradicated by modern medicine. These diseases include measles, acute anterior poliomyelitis, whooping cough, and more. According The Center for Disease Control CDC measles is con alignred to be the deadliest childhood disease (2013), and all previously mentioned diseases (measles, polio, and whooping cough) are spread easily and simply by coming in contact with an infected individual. Although, in some cases, there whitethorn be side effects to certain vaccinations, the positive aspect of beingness immunized against a number of fatal diseases far outweighs the possible effects or reactions that may occur.Firstly, as briefly mentioned, vaccines save children from preventable diseases. Children are going to be children. So, parents protect them from sharp pointy objects, install gates to protect them from unsafe areas of the house, only feed them certain food for the first few months of their life, and do non feed them other foods until a certain age. Vaccines are another way to prevent ones child from danger. According to Dr. Vincent Iannelli, a pediatrician in Dallas, Texas, todays parents did not grow up in an era riddled with disease homogeneous Polio and therefore often forget the importance of vaccines (Vaccine Preventable Diseases, 2014). The World Health Organization WHO fact sheet classifies polio as, a highly infected disease caused by a virus. It invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours, and includes symptoms such as, fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the uterine cervix and pain in the limbs (2014). Global Health Strategies GHS, an international consulting firm that focuses on research in health care, mirrors Dr. Ianellis view and the issue of Polio, Few guess a time in the US in the 1940s and 50s when fear of this crippling disease pervaded all pockets of society. Ima ges of shuttered swimming pools and children in iron lungs and on crutches colored every mothers daily worries (2012). Therefore, due to the effectiveness of the very vaccines that they often contest, some individuals may not see to it the severity and complexity of a disease.Individuals that choose not to vaccinate their children, known as anti-vaxxers, sometimes claim religious beliefs as the main reason for choosing not to immunize their children. One main issue that people cite is that certain vaccines contain fibroblast cells of foetal tissue. These fibroblast cells aid in holding connective tissue in concert (Hot Topics Fetal Tissues, 2013). According to Paul Offit, a doctor at The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, the tissue resulted from two terminated pregnancies that occurred in 1960, and No further sources of fetal cells are needed to make these vaccines (2013). In other words these cells are not taken from fetuses today, like some anti-vaxxers claim. In the same arti cle Dr. Offit continues on to state that these cells are used for two reasons Viruses need cells to grow and tend to grow better in cells from humans than animals (because they infect humans), and because of the Hayflick limit, where cells die after being divided a certain number of times, fetal cells are used because they are able to go through many more divisions before last (2013). Dr. Offit excessively notes, in Parents Fake Religion to Avoid Vaccines, that religious beliefs have come to be the default because of state laws protecting religious practices, people claim religious exemption when it is that they just do not believe there is a need for immunizations (2007).The second reason that immunizations are beneficial is that they prevent outbreaks from occurring. In her article, Measles Is Spreading In Our Largest Cities Because People Arent Vaccinating Their Kids (2014), Tara Culp-Ressler, the health editor for ThinkProgress, a non-partisan web-based news source, discussed how recent outbreaks have occurred in Boston, San Francisco, San Diego, and Dallas areas. Measles have also recently been reported in suburban areas in Connecticut and Illinois. Anti-vaxxers claim that other countries do not have as many vaccines and they do not experience outbreaks. J.B. Handley (2011) stated Iceland, Sweden, Singapore, Japan, and Norway give 11, 11, 13, 11, and 13 vaccines respectivelyall less than 1/3 the number of vaccines the U.S. mandates. Each vaccine on the CDCs schedule is highly recommended, they are not mandated. If they were mandated no parent would have a choice in vaccinating their child and there would be no exemptions. Also, Handley mentioned that each of these countries only have 11-13 vaccines. The US only has 14 vaccines these fourteen are given in a series from 0-18 months, not 36 sort vaccinations as Handley leads one to believe.It is necessary to highlight, because of the sheer difference in land mass and therefore population size, the populat ion of each of the countries Handley mentioned. The most current statistics record Iceland 326,340 (Statistics Iceland, 2014), Sweden 9.7 million (Statistics Sweden, 2014), Singapore 5.4 million (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2014), Japan 127 million (The World Bank, 2014), Norway 5 million (The World Bank, 2014), and the United States 317.3 million (United States Census Bureau, 2013). These statistics emphasize Handleys defect in comparing countries with a much smaller population to that of the United States, and further underscores the previous inaccuracies contained in his argument regarding vaccination requirements.In countries where they do not promote vaccinations, such as Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan (GHS, 2012), there are outbreaks of several diseases. For example, according to WHO, each of these countries remains endemic (2014). That is to say that communicable disease, such as polio and measles, are found regularly in these parts of the world. The probability of dying before ones fifth birthday in Pakistan is almost 9% (86 in every 1,000 births) (WHO, 2014). Tara Culp-Ressler stated outbreaks in the United States tend to occur because families travel abroad, become infected, and then bring the virus back the US, infecting others who have not been vaccinated (2014).Lastly, vaccines are safe. Due to a handful of studies conducted by the previously mentioned J. B. Handley and Andrew Wakefield, the public now associate vaccines, particularly the MMR vaccine, with causing autism. Each of these individuals has been criticized for their lack of scientific objectivity in their experiments, with Wakefield in particular being barred from practicing medicine in Britain because of his falsified study (BBC, 2010). Unfortunately, their claims still remain on the publics mind. It also does not help to quell the publics concern when a celebrity, Jenny McCarthy, takes these falsified studies and uses them as a platform in an attempt to further excite pa rents with the claim that her child suffers from autism because of the vaccinations he received.A study conducted by Sharpe, Gist, and Baskin (Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Siblings Exhibit Hypersensitivity to Thimerosal, 2013) point their fingers at Thimerosal, which, according to the Immunization Action coalescence (2011), is a preservative that has been used in some vaccines since the 1930s. The CDC, as well as the Immunization Action Coalition, point out that Thimerosal is present in only one grippe vaccine, and has been reduced to trace amounts. It should also be noted that, should one choose, there are other available alternatives to that particular influenza vaccine which contain no Thimerosal (2011). So, this preservative that anti-vaxxers claim causes autism is, in fact, is not contained in the MMR vaccine.Parents, undoubtedly, want to provide the safest environment for their children in order to donjon them out of danger. Vaccinating ones child is no dif ferent. Unfortunately, there is an abundance of information available that can cause a person to timber overwhelmed. When a well-known celebrity is claiming her child suffers from autism because of a vaccine, a great deal of the public is going to believe that individual because she is famous and has resources the parent may not have. These claims perpetuate the myths of preservatives being harmful to a child, or that vaccines are unnecessary because such diseases they protect against have been eradicated when they haven not. Each parent has the option to speak with a doctor regarding vaccinations. In fact, the CDC (2014) recommends speaking to a doctor in order to receive all relevant and up-to-date information so that each person can make an informed decision regarding having their child immunized.ReferencesCountries Pakistan. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.who.int/countries/pak/en/Culp-Ressler, T. (2014, March 14). Measles is spreading in our largest cities because people aren t vaccinating their kids. Retrieved from http//thinkprogress.org/health/2014/03/14/3408461/measles-outbreaks-cities-vaccination/Handley, J. B. (2011) Compelling evidence shows that vaccines trigger autism. Epidemics. Detroit Greenhaven Press.Iannelli, V. (2014, March 30). Vaccine preventable diseases. Retrieved from http//pediatrics.about.com/od/immunizations/a/0408_im_illness.htmInfants, Children, and Teens. (2014) Retrieved from http//www.vaccines.gov/who_and_when/infants_to_teens/index.htmlKey Figures. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.scb.se/en_/Krans, B. (2013). Anti-vaccination movement causes a deadly year in the U.S.. Retrieved from http//www.healthline.com/health-news/children-anti-vaccination-movement-leads-to-disease-outbreaks-120312Latest Key Indicators. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.singstat.gov.sg/Measles Vaccination. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/default.htmOffit, P. A. (2013). Hot topics fetal tissues. Retrieved from http//www.ch op.edu/service/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-safety/vaccine-ingredients/fetal-tissues.htmlParents Fake Religion to Avoid Vaccines. (2007). Retrieved from http//www.cbsnews.com/news/parents-fake-religion-to-avoid-vaccines/Polio Eradication. (2012). Retrieved from http//ghstrat.com/issues/polioPoliomyelitis. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/Population (Total). (2014). Retrieved from http//data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTLPopulation in the 1st quarter 2014. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.statice.is/Pages/444?NewsID=10348Sharpe, M. A., Gist, T. L., Baskin, D. S. (2013). B-lymphocytes from a population of children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings exhibit hypersensitivity to thimerosal. Journal of Toxicology, 2013, 1-11.Thimerosal in Vaccines. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/safetyavailability/vaccinesafety/ucm096228Triggle, N. (2010). fishgig accepts MMR study false. Retrieved from http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8493753.stmVaccine Concerns Thimerosal. (2011, February 25). Retrieved from http//www.immunize.org/thimerosal/

Employee Motivation Theories in Customer Service

Employee Motivation Theories in Customer ServiceWork is rattling serious for every individual infect it is inevitable in the life story of every person and every one want propitiation in the cook. Employees need satisfaction in the ponder and it is the responsibility of motorbus to envision their chores and chance the way to satisfy them. The assumption is that a locomoted worker testament give his outstrip action to the organic law as a result productiveness of system entrust increase and poor mental process give be a forget issue in the organization. Managers evict adopt divergent ways to propel employees and managers who atomic number 18 winnerful in motivating employees providing an surround in which incentives are procurable for them which are much needed for the satisfaction of employees. Employees should reserve enough pay which motivate them and push them to work hard. Today manager stub non solely motivate employees by federal agency of pay, benefit and final payment to encourage them to work hard and efficiently. It is the responsibility of manager to develop environment in which employees make to become productive members of organization.This literature reassessment will determines the primary(prenominal) aims and objectives of the research considering a variety of literatures. It will provide us brief overview regarding extensive research in the field of employees need and its factors touch the organization. This research is helpful to find out employees motivating of Sainsbury through with(predicate) and through different means. at that place are haemorrhoid of researchers carried out the research in the field of employees penury. approximately of methods and ideas presented in literature review given theses researchers This literature review will give us the concept of employees want its importance and factors staff motivation and organization performance. Although many others researchers also conduct ed their research in this field but it was out of scope and i selected only those researches which were directly or indirectly revived to my topic. In this chapter secondary research is mostly commitd the information is taken from books and journals. It will handle the relevant opening on the topic and give the opinion that relate to employees motivation and commitment. Employees motivation and commitment is the most important topic in the field of Human Resource Management.In this chapter eldest we discuss the HR guess to understand about HR and then focus on employees motivation to increase customers swear outsHRResearch conducted in organizations suggests that HR affects organizational outcomes by shaping employees attitudes and behaviours. The racy commitment of HR increases organization performance by giving environment in which employees are involved in organization and they work hard to achieve organization goals. (Whitener, E 2001) Research suggests that employees in terpret organisational actions such as human resource practices, as symptomatic of the personified organisations commitment to them. They reciprocate their perceptions fitly in their own commitment to the organisation. It is seen that high commitment to motivate employees work well for organization. Such organizations have high productively as compared to those which has low commitment. before that Dean and Lepak also utter the same opinion. agree to Dean and Lepak (1996) HR is classified as control practices and its main purpose to increase efficiency and turn out labour in organization. Its aim to increase productivity and provide the environment for employees that help to achieve the goals of organization. The high commitment strategy of HR complicates selective staffing out branch appraisal competitive packages and train of staff. According to Foot and Hook in 1999 the employees are most important resource which contributes to achieve organization goals. HR is very impo rtant in decision making process and it comprises a range of issues employee development, recruitment and abide by schemes. Recruitment will give us qualified employees in order to achieve integrated goals in an efficient manner. But Beardwell (2004) has different opinion. He linked the organization performance to variegates in different business environment including micro and macro contexts. He said our HR strategy must fit the Organization strategyAccording to Mullins successful HR has proactive subroutine in organization. HR creates values by providing opport social unities and his values are crucial for organization future success. It will increase the skill of current workforce and will recruit the highly skilled workforce 2.2RecruitmentRecruiting the correct employees is important in employees motivation and they fit in the organization and have skills to fulfil the commitment. If an organization foreshorten the correct employees for the correct role than its economic cos t can be immense. Beardwell (2004) and then Mullins (2005) emphasis on recruitment process of employees. Both said that employees should be technic ally fit to any given run. Best companies are doing this for long clip and ensure that selection process full assessment of candidates abilities, values, interest and scrupulous review how they will match the organization last. The business wind instrumenter to achieve competitive advantage in market is dependent on composition of workforceAccording to Armstrong (2001) there is pressure on organizations to recruit right people for right job. If they fail to does this then it will adverse nucleus on the budget of organization. There are number of factors which should consider in recruitment process including the culture of organization, legal implications, attracting and employing the correct candidate and the cost in time and resources. Before the Armstrong the Holden in (1994) emphasised on keep out HRM practice in recruitment and selection. The organization can use recruitment process to continue or even change the organization culture. When a change of strategic direction is required, recruiting the right candidates is an important factor to increase the chance of successTeam working and job gyrationTeam working is important in organization. When employees in organization work together they share the ideas, motivate each other and help to increase the gross revenue of organization. According to Cohen (1996) cited in Bacon, N Blyton, p 200314) when the human work together they create meaningful work. When humans work in a team they got high job satisfaction according to job characteristics and counseling theories. The different tasks in team encourage workers to use different skills and rotation in job reduces in boredom of repetitive work. This helps team members to share the responsibility of work in their area and develop the skills essential for effective team work. In team employees go into in goal setting thereby motivation for team membersAccording to Friedrich (1998) Job rotation is long term throwning but it can be organized at short notice. Job rotation will support the employees abilities and interest but also their prospects for promotion. Task of job rotation should be explained to employees who can only be justified by corresponding benefits. Some employees will give resistance and refuse to give up job in which they are comfortableThis happened during the research which I conducted in Sainsbury. Some employees were happy with their current position in Sainsbury while others were not happy with their role in Sainsbury. The first one will give resistance to give up their positionEmpirical Evidence on Employees MotivationEmployee motivation is the biggest factor in the success or failure of an organization. Motivated workforce will give best output and productivity while without motivated workforce productivity, profit morale, product and service all suffer. An o rganization should have effective strategy to motivate the staff and to stay competitive in the market. There are different factors to motivate individuals and all of them are motivated differently. Some of them are motivated by cash other by the opportunity for professional development and job satisfaction. It is the responsibility of managers to understand what factors will motivate their employees to increase productivity. Employees motivation is closely linked to employees performance.By conducting the search in this manner the resultant articles were specific case studies of employee motivation in various organizations. The resultant case studies looked at a range of topics on twain employee motivation and employee performance and how these constructs can be connected. One particular con looked specifically at the followers of an organization and what key factors a submiter postulate to know about the various types of followers. The case studies in this review lead upon t he work of Maslow, Taylor, and Herzberg.Simms in (2007) discusses how various organizations utilize tailored versions of non-cash e rewards as employee incentives. Simms suggests that Herzbergs view of salary as not being a motivator holds. The ability to hold up an incentive that doesnt get absorbed by the employees monthly bills has a larger effect on employee motivation. He also suggests it may be more than acceptable to boast about a special award or party rather than an employees salary raise. Simms then goes on to expand the reciprocation of non- cash rewards such as flex time, employee of the month, and tailored goal incentives. Simms argues it is important for employers to communicate these benefits to employees because many employees dont understand their jibe compensation package. By communicating the total package, the employer reinforces their commitment to the employees and helps to motivate the employee. This motivation leads to greater employee satisfaction and per formance.The case remove of the Harrahs Entertainment sales teams lays out the use of team incentives to increase sales crosswise the various branches of the Harrahs Entertainment family of products. but, the core to the incentive packages, that Jakobson discusses, is the use of Merchandise Awards. Jakobson states that Merchandise Awards are even more effective than Top Seller Trips. Harrahs also uses sincere employee motivation tactics such as recognition at weekly and monthly sales meetings of the top sales teams.Whiteling in (2007) looks at the cases of Reuters and supermarket giant Sainsburys to battle array how important it is to create a culture where employees become directly involved in suggestions for change. By creating a culture where employee input is valued andthe changes faced by the organization are better understood and receive the support of the employees. This also has the side effect of creating employee motivation to support and accomplish the organizations g oals and change efforts (Whiteling, 2007). Silverman in (2006) utilizes a similar strategy to create a high-performance workforce. Silverman suggests keeping employees engaged by working with storytelling. Employers can systematically ask employees to tell their story for good or not-so good situations. In this way, an employee/employer affinity can be forged which can help foster mutual support and idea sharing. Similar to Whiteling, Silverman suggests that the organizations culture ineluctably to be developed around the concept of storytelling.Employees need to feel their stories are being heard, understood, and valued by those requesting the stories. By forging these relationships, the employee feels valued by the employer, supervisor, and organization as a contributor. This value translates into higher work performance and stake within the organization (Silverman, 2006 Whiteling, 2007).Sharbroughs (2006) study looks at the correlations between leaders use of Motivating Languag e (ML) and employee job satisfaction and the perception of a supervisors effectiveness. In both cases, there was a statistically significant correlation in this study between a leaders use of ML and employee job satisfaction and the perception of a supervisors effectiveness. This correlation can be utilized by organizations to assess a leaders use of ML and determine levels of employee satisfaction as well as determine the perceived effectiveness of a supervisorKellerman (2007) has spread out the work of Zaleznik, Kelley, and Chaleff to create what he calls a level of engagement to classify the followers of an organization. This employee continuum ranges from feeling and doing absolutely nothing to being passionately committed and deep involved. In this way, a leader can assess their subordinates and tailor a leadership approach to maximize the affect a particular effort will have on employee motivation.A putting green thread of communication between employers and employees eme rges as a requirement for employee motivation (Simms, 2007 Jakobson, 2007 Whiteling, 2007 Silverman, 2006 Sharbrough, 2006). Many of these case studies link high employee motivation with increased employee performance. By first utilizing Kellerman level of engagement classification, an organization can tailor the use of ML and motivational lltechniques in the organization. In this way, employee motivation can be maximized to increase employee performance by focusing the use of ML and motivational techniquesTheories of motivationAs we discussed that there are number of ways to motivate employees. Lots of researchers gave the theories of motivation. I will discuss most common theories. These theories will give us idea how we can motivate employees. All these theories have some common points to motivate employees but these theories also have different opinionFredrick Winslow Taylor and Elton Mayo Theories of MotivationFredrick Winslow Taylor (1856-1917) said that employees are mainly motivated by pay. His possible action argued that workers need supervision because naturally they do not enjoy work therefore manager should break their work in small tasks and educational activity and tools so they work efficiently on given task. They are than paid according to number of items they produced in a set period of time-price-rate pay. This will motivate them to work hard and maximise their productivity. Taylor method work well and different organization adopted this method to increase productivity level and lower unit cost. The most notably advocate was Henry Ford who used them to design the first ever production line, making Ford cars. This was the leap of the era of great deal production. Taylor theory has close links with autocratic management styles and Macgregor theory X approach. Taylor theory failed soon as workers became bore on repetitive tasks and they were treated same(p) human machines.Elton Mayo than gave better theory he said workers are not only moti vated with money by they could be better motivated if we met their social needs whilst at work. Taylor ignored these second points which cause adverse effect on his theory. He also conducted an experiment on two groups and examines the effect on their productivity levels of changing factors such as working condition. From Mayo theory we can conclude that employees are best by better communication between them and managers. Employees are also motivated by involvement of managers in their working lives. They are also motivated when they work in a team. whence Sainsbury should use team working and introduce personal department to involve managers to look employees to motivate them the increase the productionMaslow theory of motivationMaslow in (1943) gave hierarchy of human needs based on two groupings deficiency needs and growth needs. Within the deficiency needs, each lower need must be met before moving to the adjacent higher level. According to Maslow employees have five levels of need physiological, safety, social, ego, and egotism- actualizing Once each of these needs has been satisfied, if at some future time a deficiency is detected, the individual will act to remove the deficiency.http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Maslows_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg/450px-Maslows_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg.pngFigure Maslows Hierarchy of Needs(1) Physiological needsThese intromit homeostasis such as need for oxygen satisfaction of thirst and hanger. It also include sleep and sexual desire(2) Safety needsThese include security and safety. It covers security in all aspects of life. It also include security of family, property and morals(3) Love needsThese include affection, sense of belonging, social activities, friendships, and both the giving and receiving of love.(4) Esteem needsThese include both self-respect and the esteem of others. Self respect covers the strength independence and freedom and achievement. While esteem of others include status, reput ation, appreciation and attention(5) Self- actualization needsThis need includes the realization of potential of an individual. In this need we consider what is the potential of humans and what are they capable of becoming. These needs may vary widely from one individual to another. Maslow conceived a human being developing five groups of needs, in sequence, from one to five.The survival needs start at birth. During childhood everyone aware all groups of needs. If a manager wants to motivate his employees he should satisfy all five needs in his employeesIn Maslow theory once we achieved lower level needs like physiological and safety levels others does not provide same level of motivation. There are problems in Maslow theory relating to work situation. The higher level needs do not satisfy their needs because of work situation. It is the responsibilities of managers to understand their needs in private and social life not just their attitude at work. There is no time frame in Maslow theory when the satisfaction of lower level needs and outgrowth of higher level needs. Even the people within the same level of hierarchy there have different motivation factors. There are lots of ways in which people seek satisfaction for example their esteem needsFredrick Herzbergs theory of motivationFredrick Herzberg the friend of Maslow introduced two factor theory of motivation. He believed that there are certain factors that business can introduce which will directly motivate employees and work hard to increase productivity. He named such factors motivation and hygiene Motivator or internal factors, such as achievement and recognition, produce job satisfaction. He said there are others factors which will not motivate them or they will not work hard. He named such factors hygiene factors. Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay and job security, produce job dissatisfaction.According to Herzberg all these factors must present in any job because their absence will give diss atisfaction and decrease productivity and lead to strike in organization. Their presence will yield average productivity but not necessarily above the average. The challenge is that their presence does not motivate in a special way. Herzberg referred this group as dissatisfies. However second group existence will yield satisfaction and this include achievement, recognition, advancement and growth in job. According to Herzberg only way to motivate employee is through job enrichmentHerzberg believed that democratic approach is the best approach to motivate employees by improving the temper of job through certain methods.Vroom and muleteer theory of motivationAccording to Vroom theory (1964) employees effort will lead to performance and performance and then reward should be given on the base of that performance. This reward can be positive or negative depending upon the performance of individual employee. It means that more positive reward will motivate employee highly. Conversely re ward is more negative employee will less likely to motivatedAccording to Skinner theory (1953) employees behaviour that lead to positive outcomes will be repeated and negative behaviour will not be repeated. Managers should reinforce employees behaviour that lead to positive outcome. Managers should negatively reinforce employee behaviour that leads to negative outcomes.Reward as motivational toolsPayment is not the sole motivator factor for employees. They are more motivated the reward they receive of their hard work we should give employees certain incentives when certain goals are achieved. The two most common types of rewards are extrinsic reward and intrinsic reward. Extrinsic rewards are external rewards that occur apart from work such as money and other things. On the other hand intrinsic rewards are internal rewards in this reward there is direct connection between reward and work and employee feel it during his job.According to Thomas (2000) now rule of motivation has chang ed. Employees are not motivated through their supervision. They are becoming self managed and they want to demonstrate their own innovation at the work place. Since late motivation factors have emerged so employees want reward of their work. Some of them motivated even they receive positive feedback about their work. Mullins in (2005) said employees have common motivational factors although when satisfied will lead to different level of motivation. If the reward is managed correctly both extrinsic and intrinsic reward will motivate employees. However it is not guarantee that employees will motivated through reward those who receive less reward will feel undervalued and will not be motivatedBeardwell and Holden (1994) also emphasised the reward system in the motivation of employees. They said that the payment received by employers is not just one factor which can motivate them. Employees can create an environment that motivate them by providing resources, information and emotional s upport and some are motivated by fear of red i.e. they will fired and loss their support if they are late from the job. There are lots of employees which do best when their salary increaseAccording to Redshaw (2001) there are six factors that can motivate employees (1) Training it is most important to all employees skills replacing job for life time. (2) Financial rewards employees are motivated through any means which help them financially. It can be useful in Sainsbury. He can give his employees discount vouchers. (3) Recognition the employees need to know they, reassurance of their role, enforcing corporate norms and values. (4) Communication managers should regularly communicate with employees. All the employees should have access to managers. Managers should held weekly meeting and regular meeting with employees. (5) Alignment There is a direct relationship between motivation and an individuals ability to contribute, therefore make all employees aware of the contribution they bring to the organisation (6) Leadership employees should have their own leader to discuss their concern with himHeap (1987) gave the advantages and disadvantages of the reward system. My companies considered that the reward system has both advantages and disadvantages. In 1999 Thompson and Sanders showed that the companies which give attention to the main objectives of their program like cost, customer service, schedule, environment and feel are deemed success of any incentive programmeAccording to Makenzie and Lee rewards are distribute to those who perform at given level. These rewards should be available to everyone in the organization from top management to workers. These rewards can be linked directly to quality safety, performance and absenteeism. These rewards must be given on successful performance. dissimilar companies motivate their employees through different means. Some companies feel that money is a good motivator. Many companies offer profit sharing plans and offer trips to Europe and other islandsTurkson (2002) there are different types of incentives plans which can motivate employees. It can be annual performance bonus. It can also profit sharing plan. Every different kind of incentive plan has benefits and drawbacks. The annual performance bonus is once in a year so it is hard to link it with performance. This type of incentive plan also tends to cause to employees to focus on what makes them look good, sometimes at the expense of what may be best for the companys bottom lineThese rewards programmes are expansive these programs require careful monitoring. Some companies give reward with an extra day off with pay. Others companies provide good working condition and give reward on top performance. The performance level must be achievable. An incentive scheme may also fail if we ignore the quality or safety. Incentives should be linked with performance but we cannot apply this rule every time. Some incentives are issued on the basis of a subje ctive assessment by a superior on the merit of particular workersTypes of motivationExtrinsic motivationExtrinsic motivation is inspired by outside forces. It includes the money, rewards and people which are close to us. Lots of researchers gave their view about extrinsic motivation and gave different view about itMullins and Armstrong said that extrinsic motivation can be related to veridical rewards such as security, benefits, promotion, condition of services and environment. These are most likely out of control from managers and headstrong at the organizational level. This kind of motivation has tidy effect on employees but it will not last long.Bernard and Stoner (2005) said that salary, wages and conditions of services are the incentives for employees. Managers should use four components of salary social organisation to use salary as motivator effectively. These are (1) job rate which organization set for each job. (2) Payment which should be given to individual according t o their performance which motivate them and encourage them to work hard (3) Personal allowances which should be given to those people who have particular skills. . According to Banjoko (1996) most managers use money to reward or punish employees. It can be done through reward on higher productivity and fear to loss job imputable to poor performance. The desire to earn enhanced pay will motivate employees.In any organization higher productivity depends on level of motivation in employees of organization. We can also motivate staff through training it will give staff the opportunities of self improvement to meet the challenges of higher productivity and new techniques performing a taskIntrinsic motivationThis motivation is inspired from within a person. This motivation includes personal goals, happiness, morals, eagerness to learn, social and self esteem needs. Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators push person to achieve the targets. But both these motivators achieved target in diff erent ways.According to Mullins (2005) intrinsic motivation is the opportunity to use the ability of individual. In this motivation sense of challenge, achievement and positive recognition treated with considerate manner. Psychological rewards are usually determined by the behaviour of individual managers. Armstrong (2006) the quality of work life is essential for intrinsic motivators and they have long term effect because they are inherent in individuals and they are not imposed from outsideEffect of motivation on productivityProductivity of an organization depends on the motivation of its staff. Organization will achieved its goals through motivated staff and gain market share which will help to increase the production of the organization. Sainsbury can gain market share and increase its productivity through motivation of its staffMojahed (2005) defined productivity as the ratio of output and input. The economists defined the productivity at industrial level to determine the econo my, health and growth rate while at project level it define as and applies to planning, cost estimating and cost control. According to Heizer and Render (1999) numbers of factors affects the productivity of employees and tuition is one of them. Social overhead and diet of the employees also affect the productivity of employees. But Wiredu (1989) said others factors like team building, motivation job security and training also affect the productivity of employees. We cannot increase productivity of employees without enhancing the skills of them. Working in safe environment and stronger commitment also affect labour productivity make of Motivation on PerformanceThe performance of employees is very important for every company. It will make or break a company. It is important to motivate employees and find different methods to motivate them. Stephen Robbins and David A. Decenzo wrote in their book Supervision Today money is most important form of motivation for employees but others mo tivation factors should also be considered. Every company has different employees and everyone is motivated for different reasons. It is important for managers to know her employees and understand what will motivate them. Managers should understand individual differences if they want successful in motivating people. As we know money is the most important factor to motivate employees but companies should also have other ways to motivate their employees. This involves acquiring to know their employees and what drives them, then making sure managers utilize enamour motivational techniques with each employee. The employees performance will improve definitely when managers will use appropriate motivation techniqueEffects of performance management on motivationIn every organization team does the work and performance of organization depends on the performance of the team. Therefore it is important for organization to get good performance from everyone. It is the responsibilities of manage rs to motivate them as a team and each individual separately. The enthusiasm of the manager motivates the team how work will be structured and agreed standard for getting there. The organization manager creates a climate of progress with their behaviour. Sainsbury should consider and tax the performance management of its top manager to motivate its employees and increase its productivity. Most organization like Sainsbury has performance management system. In any organization main purpose of performance management assist the management in the determination of pay rises and find how pay system will work in the organization and motivate the staff. Every employee in the organization understands the system and why he or she got the pay rise they did. Aim is that to develop staff and motivate them. The problem rises from this is that if manager want to develop its staff and ask about its weakness the employees will discuss some of its weakness. If the employees feel that manager is gathe ring the information for the next pay review he will hesitate to discuss its weaknessAccording to Kaplan and Norton (2001) performance management is the backbone of HRM. In performance management we plan and implement the strategies and adopt different approaches to perform tasks. Performance management is beneficial in any business to work according to plan. According to Handel and Gentleman (2004 P.72) said that salary and wage system is big factor that will increase the performance of staff and motivate them.The performance management and production management are closely linked with each other. This is beneficial for staff and motivates them. Staff relationship working environment and culture are vital to motivate staff. It is the responsibilities of performance management to train them and polished their skills according to job requirement. Training is essential for both new and experienced workers otherwise organization can lose its profit and its workers will not be motivated if he did not train the employees. Armstrong and Baron said that prior duty of HRM department is to deal with performance management because performance management is the fundamental of HRM and it is responsibilities of manager to help the emp